The Lean TPS 9-Step Method to Continuous Improvement

Lean TPS 9-Step Method visual outlining the Toyota approach to Standardized Work through observation, teaching, auditing, and improvement.
The Lean TPS 9-Step Method explains how Standardized Work becomes a living system. It defines the steps for establishing, auditing, and improving standards to build stability and sustain continuous improvement.

In Lean TPS, Standardized Work is not a document. It is the system capability that allows people to see problems as they happen and respond with speed and precision. Without it, waste, unevenness, and overburden remain hidden.

The Lean TPS 9-Step Method was developed from how capability was built inside Toyota. Each step is practical, teachable, and connected to real flow at the Gemba.

1. Define the sequence of human activity

Build the elements list from what is actually done, not what should be done. Capture each step at the Gemba by observing the real work.

2. Capture standard time, key points, safety, and quality

Record accurate times for each element. Include safety checks, quality requirements, and teaching points that guarantee consistency.

3. Calculate the required Standard Cycle Time

Base the cycle on takt time. Factor in available time, product mix, variation, and operational availability to determine a stable pace.

4. Allocate cycle time for each job or task

Balance workload using Heijunka. Distribute work evenly across people, stations, and machines to avoid bottlenecks and overburden.

5. Create the Standard Work Element Sheet

Document the sequence, times, and key points for success. Use Standard Work Element Sheet Summary (SWESS) and Detail Element Sheet Summary (DESS) formats.

6. Teach the Standardized Work

Train people in both the how and the why. Show how each step connects to flow, safety, and quality.

7. Audit using Genchi Genbutsu

Go and see the work. Confirm that the standard is being followed, collect feedback, and identify improvement opportunities.

8. Improve problems quickly

Visualize and act on problems as they appear. Address quality defects, operator difficulties, motion waste, and poor 2S practices through structured countermeasures.

9. Revise Standardized Work through Yokoten

Share and standardize best practices across teams. When an improvement raises performance, it becomes the new standard.

Steps six through nine form the improvement loop. Teaching, auditing, acting on problems, and sharing improvements create the rhythm that sustains progress and develops capability.

In Lean TPS, Standardized Work is never static. It evolves through daily practice and disciplined improvement cycles. It creates stability, enables flow, and builds respect for people by providing clarity and structure for success.

Lean TPS House diagram showing Just In Time, Jidoka, Heijunka, Standardized Work, and Kaizen positioned within the Toyota Production System architecture
This Lean TPS Basic Training visual explains how Kaizen operates within the governed architecture of the Toyota Production System. Just In Time and Jidoka function as structural pillars, Heijunka and Standardized Work provide stability, and Kaizen strengthens the system only when standards and control are in place. The image reinforces
Lean TPS Swiss Cheese Model showing how governance failures propagate from organizational systems to gemba outcomes, and how TPS prevents conflicts that Theory of Constraints resolves downstream.
Theory of Constraints manages conflict after instability forms. Lean TPS prevents conflict through governance of demand, capacity, and Quality before execution begins.
Takahama Line 2 Andon board showing real time production status and Quality control in the Toyota Production System
Dashboards and scorecards increase visibility, but they do not govern work. In Lean TPS, Andon exists to control abnormality in real time by enforcing stop authority, response timing, and leadership obligation to protect Quality.
Lean TPS Disruptive SWOT transforms traditional SWOT from a static listing exercise into a governed leadership system. Through Survey, Prioritize, and Action, it aligns strategic direction with Quality, system stability, and explicit leadership obligation within a Lean TPS governance framework.
Balance scale showing Respect for People and Continuous Improvement grounded in Quality governance within Lean TPS.
In Lean TPS, Respect for People and Continuous Improvement are not independent goals. Both emerge from Quality governance, where leaders define normal work, make abnormality visible, and respond to protect system stability.
Lean TPS shop floor before and after 5S Thinking showing visual stability that enables problem detection and problem solving
5S Thinking is not about making the workplace look clean or impressive. In Lean TPS, it functions as a visual reset that restores the ability to see normal versus abnormal conditions. When the environment is stabilized, problems surface quickly, Quality risks are exposed earlier, and problem solving becomes possible at